Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
Definition
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a critical role in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. BDNF signals primarily through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase, activating downstream pathways including PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK that support neurogenesis and long-term potentiation. Reduced BDNF levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and depression. The synthetic peptides semax and dihexa have been investigated for their ability to upregulate BDNF expression and enhance neurotrophic signaling in preclinical models.
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Semax
An in-depth review of Semax, a synthetic ACTH(4-10) analog, examining its nootropic properties, BDNF and NGF upregulation, neuroprotective mechanisms, and applications in cognitive enhancement research.
Read monographDihexa
An in-depth review of Dihexa, a potent angiotensin IV analog and HGF/c-Met signaling activator, examining its role in synaptogenesis, cognitive enhancement, neuroplasticity, and dementia-related research.
Read monographRelated Studies
Effects of an Angiotensin IV Analog on 3-Nitropropionic Acid-induced Huntington's Disease-Like Symptoms in Rats
Wells RG, Yamamoto BK, Wright JW, et al. · Journal of Huntington's Disease (2024)
Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of Semax in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress
Inozemtseva LS, Karpenko EA, Dolotov OV, et al. · European Journal of Pharmacology (2024)
Procognitive and synaptogenic effects of angiotensin IV-derived peptides are dependent on activation of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-met system
Benoist CC, Kawas LH, Zhu M, et al. · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2014)
A novel angiotensin IV/AT4 receptor ligand, Nle1-AngIV (dihexa), is a potent procognitive agent that augments hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met signaling
McCoy AT, Benoist CC, Wright JW, et al. · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2013)