The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
DOI: 10.1155/2012/324832
Summary
This review compiled evidence on the tripeptide GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) and its broad gene expression modulating effects relevant to aging. Analysis of gene expression data from the Connectivity Map revealed that GHK-Cu modulates the expression of 4,048 human genes, resetting gene expression patterns associated with disease states toward healthier profiles.
Key Findings
- GHK-Cu was found to modulate 4,048 human genes at a very low concentration of 1 micromolar, approximately 31.8% of the human genome studied
- Gene expression changes included upregulation of collagen synthesis genes, DNA repair genes, and antioxidant response genes
- GHK-Cu suppressed genes associated with fibrinogen synthesis, inflammation (IL-6, NF-kB pathway), and metastatic potential
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