Mitochondrial Function
Definition
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that serve as the primary site of aerobic energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP via the electron transport chain. Beyond energy metabolism, mitochondria regulate calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and biosynthetic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced ATP output, increased ROS generation, and impaired mitochondrial dynamics (fission/fusion), is a hallmark of aging and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cardiomyopathies. The mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c and compounds such as methylene blue have been studied for their roles in supporting mitochondrial function and bioenergetics.
Related Terms
Related Compounds
MOTS-c
An in-depth review of MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene, examining its role in AMPK activation, exercise mimicry, glucose metabolism, pharmacokinetics, safety, and aging research.
Read monographMethylene Blue
An in-depth review of Methylene Blue, the first synthetic drug compound, covering its mechanism of action as an alternative mitochondrial electron carrier, research applications in neuroprotection, cognitive function, mitochondrial enhancement, and its hormetic dose-response properties.
Read monographRelated Studies
Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging
Wan W, Zhang L, Chen Y, et al. · Journal of Translational Medicine (2023)
MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats
Li S, Lu H, Lu J, et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022)
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity
Kim SJ, Miller B, Mehta HH, et al. · Physiological Reports (2019)
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. · Cell Metabolism (2015)